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Laparoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the interior of the abdominal or pelvic cavities for the diagnosis or treatment (or both) of a number of different diseases and conditions. With laparoscopy only a small incision is required and this is why it is also known as 'keyhole surgery'.
Laparoscopy examines the interior of the abdominal or pelvic cavity using a slender tube (laparoscope) inserted through a small incision. The laparoscope contains fibre-optic camera heads or surgical heads (or both).
Some of the problems that may be diagnosed or treated by laparoscopy include:
Female infertility - a laparoscopy allows doctors to check for problems such as scar tissue, endometriosis and fibroid tumours, and to see if the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are abnormal in any way.
Other problems of the female reproductive system - including pelvic floor and vaginal prolapse.
Ectopic pregnancy - the embryo lodges and grows within the fallopian tube. The developing embryo will eventually rupture the fallopian tube unless it is surgically removed.